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KrolE Formation
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KrolE Fm base reconstruction

KrolE Fm

Period: 
Neoproterozoic

Age Interval: 
Ediacaran, 545.534 Ma


Province: 
N.India Lesser Himalaya

Type Locality and Naming

Simla (Shali Basin), Himachal Pradesh-Uttarakhand, the name Krol Series was first given by Medlicott (1864) to a series of limestone, red and green shales and sandstones seen in the Krol Mountain near Solan in Simla area. [Original Publication: Auden, J.B.,1934. The geology of the Krol Belt. Rec. Geol. Surv. Indi. 67, 357-454.]


Lithology and Thickness

Dolomite. The KrolE is the top-most lithostratigraphic unit with a dominant banded grey and pale cream white calcilutite to dololutite with a rugged appearance.

[Figure: Krol Gr lithology table (provided by O.N. Bhargava & Birendra Singh)]


Lithology Pattern: 
Dolomite


Relationships and Distribution

Lower contact

With KrolD Fm.

Upper contact

Tectonic or gradational with Tal Gr.

Regional extent

Himachal Pradesh to Uttarakhand


GeoJSON

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Fossils

Ediacaran fossils in KrolE (E2) (Ediacaran fossils, Nainital syncline); Beltanella, Beltanelliformis, Chamiodiscus, Conomedusites, Kimberella, Mesuainites, Sekwia, Tirasiana from Mathur and Shanker (1989, 1990) and Shanker et al. (1997); and small shelly fossils (SS) from Kumar et al. (1987) and Bhatt (1991); fossil data from (Jiang et al., 2002).


Age 

Ediacaran, Relative age span estimates taken from the correlation chart from (H. Xu, J.G. Meert and M.K. Pandit, Geoscience Frontiers 13 (2022).

Age Span: 

    Beginning stage: 
Ediacaran

    Fraction up in beginning stage: 
0.8

    Beginning date (Ma): 
558.04

    Ending stage: 
Ediacaran

    Fraction up in the ending stage: 
0.9

    Ending date (Ma):  
548.42

Depositional setting

It represents deposits of an algal mat complex mainly in subtidal to proximal tidal flat environment. The microfacies in the KrolE Fm are laminated mudstone, ooidal wackestone, ooidal packstone/grainstone and local oncoidal grainstone. The dololutite in the Nigali Dhar syncline of the Inner Krol Belt contains algal pisolite (Bhargava, 1969). The structures of this type of algal pisolites are being formed in the lakes and some estuaries, representing deposits caused by the activities of blue green algae which in some places are assisted by green algae.


Depositional pattern:  


Additional Information

See Srikantia and Bhargava, 2021; Jain et al., 2020; Jiang et al., 2002


Compiler:  

O.N. Bhargava & Birendra Singh.